Ammonia (NH3) emissions associated with the agriculture sector contribute to the production of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution and may be associated with premature mortality. This study assesses the economic costs and benefits associated with reducing emissions in the agricultural sector. To do this, it uses emissions data from 2016 to assess the costs and benefits of achieving the 2020 ammonia emission reduction commitments, as set out in the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive (NECD) 2016/2284/ EU1, in relation to four abatement options. The results suggest that compliance with the directive may be associated with significant reductions in premature mortality, and that the economic benefits of avoiding premature mortality might outweigh the costs of abatement.